A place in Essex with a history you can trace through the records: its entry in the 1086 Domesday Book, the archaeological finds and scheduled monuments around it, and the nearest Roman sites and battlefields. Everything below is drawn from the historical record.
In 1086, Loughton was held by King William.
When William the Conqueror's commissioners surveyed Loughton in 1086, they recorded 6 manors held by King William, Waltham (Holy Cross), canons of, W. Corbun, Ralph and Peter of Valognes, under Robert Gernon. Before the Conquest, in the time of King Edward, the land was held by (Earl) Harold, Waltham (Holy Cross), canons of, free man, one, Wulfric and Leofcild.
The settlement was assessed at 19.43 hides for tax. The record notes 46 plough teams at work (5 in the lord's demesne and 41 held by the villagers). The recorded population was 108 heads of household: 42 villagers, 59 smallholders, 1 freeman and 6 slaves. These are heads of household, so the settlement's true population was several times larger. Its recorded resources included meadow (100 acres), woodland (500 pigs) and 2 mills. The manors were valued at 45.66 pounds in 1086, up from 37.5 pounds in 1066.
The Domesday Book was the great survey of England ordered by William the Conqueror in 1085 and completed in 1086, the oldest surviving public record in the country. How the survey worked →
Loughton was one of the settlements recorded in Essex in the 1086 survey. Essex in the Domesday survey →
This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 15 strands of Loughton's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
Nationally registered historic battlefields within 25 miles of Loughton.
26 recorded finds have been logged within about 5 miles of Loughton, reported by members of the public and entered in the national record of archaeological finds. They span these periods:
The bedrock beneath Loughton is Thames Group (Eocene).
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.