A settlement recorded in William the Conqueror's great survey of England, completed in 1086.
In 1086, Calne was held by Alfred of 'Spain'.
The Domesday Book was the result of a comprehensive survey ordered by William the Conqueror at Christmas 1085. Royal commissioners rode out across every county of England, recording the name and size of every settlement, who held it, what it was worth, and how that compared with the value it had held in the time of Edward the Confessor twenty years before.
For a settlement like Calne, being entered in the Domesday Book was a defining moment in its history — a written acknowledgement of its existence by the new Norman state. The survey recorded the manor's lord, its taxable assessment in hides or carucates, the number of ploughs at work, and the population of villagers, smallholders and slaves who farmed the land.
The names of Domesday settlements reveal the deep roots of England's landscape. Many carry Saxon, Danish or even older origins — names that were already ancient when the Norman commissioners inscribed them in the great survey. Understanding a place's Domesday record is the first step in tracing the full arc of its history from the early medieval period to the present day.
Wiltshire in 1086 was a county of chalk downland, river valleys and ancient royal estates. Salisbury — the old hill-fort site of Old Sarum — was the county's administrative centre and the seat of its bishop. The county's extensive downlands supported sheep farming on a large scale, while its river valleys produced good arable land. Malmesbury Abbey was among the significant ecclesiastical landowners recorded in the survey.
Aubrey's full report for this location includes every Domesday manor, the complete record of medieval lordship, archaeological context, and the story of how this settlement evolved from 1086 to the present day.
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