Scheduled MonumentsScotlandCairn Reain, chambered cairn
Neolithic · Chambered cairn

Cairn Reain, chambered cairn

Scotland
HES SM435
Period
Neolithic
Site type
Chambered cairn
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Cairn Reain is a Neolithic chambered cairn situated in Caithness, Scotland. Built during the Neolithic period, roughly between 4000 and 3000 BC, this monument represents one of the most distinctive funerary traditions of prehistoric Britain. The cairn's construction would have involved the deliberate stacking of stone to create a substantial mound, within which a stone-built chamber provided a communal burial space for multiple individuals over successive generations.

The monument sits upon bedrock of Middle Old Red Sandstone, formed during the Middle Devonian period. This geology shaped both the construction materials available to the builders and the landscape character of Caithness. The conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone comprising the local bedrock would have influenced the stone types employed in the cairn's structure and the drainage patterns of the site.

Cairn Reain is protected by Historic Environment Scotland and is registered under reference SM435, reflecting its significance as an archaeological monument of national importance. The survival of this chambered cairn provides valuable evidence of Neolithic settlement patterns, burial practices and the monumental investment communities made in their dead across the far north of Scotland during the early prehistoric period.

Cairn Reain, chambered cairn is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM435. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Cairn Reain, chambered cairn?

Cairn Reain is a Neolithic chambered cairn situated in Caithness, Scotland. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM435.

What period does Cairn Reain, chambered cairn date from?

Cairn Reain, chambered cairn dates from the neolithic period, and is classified as a chambered cairn. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Cairn Reain, chambered cairn?

Cairn Reain, chambered cairn is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM435.

What other scheduled monuments are near Cairn Reain, chambered cairn?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Cairn of Get, chambered cairn, cairns and cists (3.2 km), Broughwhin, cairn and stone row 190m NW of Groat's Loch (3.3 km), Cairn Hanach,chambered cairn S side of Warehouse Hill (3.4 km).

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Everything a full report reveals about Cairn Reain, chambered cairn

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Cairn Reain, chambered cairn's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Cairn Reain, chambered cairn

Cairn Reain, chambered cairn stands on Middle Old Red Sandstone (Undifferentiated), bedrock that formed in the Middle Devonian. The rock here is conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone.