Scheduled MonumentsScotlandEarls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House
Neolithic · Long cairn & windmill ssw of east house

Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House

Scotland
HES SM1260
Period
Neolithic
Site type
Long cairn & windmill ssw of east house
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Earls Knoll is a Neolithic long cairn situated on Orkney's gently undulating terrain, where bedrock of Middle Old Red Sandstone from the Middle Devonian period underlies the monument. The Orkney islands contain some of Britain's finest Neolithic monuments, and this cairn represents a significant example of the long chambered tombs constructed during the third millennium BC, when communities used such structures for collective burial and ritual purposes over extended periods. The site's location reflects the pattern of Neolithic settlement across Orkney, where access to productive land and maritime resources shaped the placement of ceremonial monuments.

Today the monument survives as an earthwork cairn whose original stone structure, typical of Orkney long cairns, may remain partially preserved beneath vegetation. A windmill erected at a later date SSW of East House now stands near the ancient monument, creating a landscape that layers different periods of human activity and land use.

Earls Knoll is protected by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument under reference SM1260, recognising its significance as a surviving example of Orkney's remarkable Neolithic heritage.

Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM1260. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House?

Earls Knoll is a Neolithic long cairn situated on Orkney's gently undulating terrain, where bedrock of Middle Old Red Sandstone from the Middle Devonian period underlies the monument. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM1260.

What period does Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House date from?

Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House dates from the neolithic period, and is classified as a long cairn & windmill ssw of east house. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House?

Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM1260.

What other scheduled monuments are near Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Papa Stronsay, burnt mound 500m E of Mill (0.3 km), Papa Stronsay, kelp kiln 120m N of Mill (0.7 km), Doocot Knowe,broch,Papa Stronsay (0.8 km).

Unlimited access

Everything a full report reveals about Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
First month just £4.99, then £9.99 a month. Unlimited locations, cancel anytime.

Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

Start your Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House report
Or see a real report first
The ground beneath

The bedrock under Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House

Earls Knoll,long cairn & windmill SSW of East House stands on Middle Old Red Sandstone (Undifferentiated), bedrock that formed in the Middle Devonian. The rock here is conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone.