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Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr is a Roman fort situated in South Wales on geology of the Upper Coal Measures Formation. The underlying bedrock comprises mudstone, siltstone and sandstone with seams of coal and ironstone, typical of the Westphalian deposits that characterise this region. The fort's construction and positioning would have been influenced by this challenging terrain, where the variable rock types presented both obstacles and opportunities for military engineering.
The fort formed part of Rome's defensive infrastructure in Wales during the occupation period. Its strategic location within the coal-bearing landscape reflects the Roman army's broader military strategy in the province, establishing control over the mineral-rich interior. The ironstone deposits present in the local geology would have held economic significance, and the fort's presence may have facilitated resource management alongside its primary defensive role.
The monument is protected by Cadw, the Welsh Historic Monuments service, under reference MM096. This designation recognises the archaeological importance of the site as evidence of Roman military occupation and settlement patterns in Wales. The fort contributes significantly to understanding Roman frontier administration in Britain and the interaction between military infrastructure and the natural landscape of South Wales.
Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr is a scheduled monument protected by Cadw under reference MM096. View the official record →
Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr is a Roman fort situated in South Wales on geology of the Upper Coal Measures Formation. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Cadw under reference MM096.
Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr dates from the roman period, and is classified as a fort. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.
Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Cadw — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Wales. The official designation reference is MM096.
Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Bedwas Churchyard Cross (6.1 km), Machen Forge and Tinplate Works (7.1 km), Rudry Ironworks (7.4 km).
This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 13 strands of Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:
Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.
Fort South of Pen-Llwyn-Fawr stands on South Wales Upper Coal Measures Formation, bedrock that formed in the Westphalian. The rock here is mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, coal, ironstone and ferricrete.