Scheduled MonumentsWalesPenmark Castle
Medieval · Castle

Penmark Castle

Wales
Cadw SAM GM229
Period
Medieval
Site type
Castle
Broad class
Defence
Nation
Wales
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Cadw

Overview

History & significance

Penmark Castle is a medieval castle situated in Wales, protected as a scheduled ancient monument under Cadw reference GM229. The castle occupies a site underlain by bedrock of the Lias Group, a sequence of mudstone, siltstone, limestone and sandstone deposits formed during the Aalenian period of the Jurassic. This geology would have influenced both the accessibility of stone for construction and the natural drainage characteristics of the site.

Medieval castles in Wales served multiple functions as military strongholds, administrative centres and symbols of Norman and later Welsh power. They typically developed around a defended core—often a motte and bailey earthwork in earlier phases—with stone masonry structures added during the 12th and subsequent centuries. The choice of location frequently reflected strategic considerations including proximity to routes of communication and supply.

The survival of Penmark Castle as an earthwork monument allows the study of medieval settlement patterns and defensive architecture within the Welsh landscape. The underlying Jurassic geology of the site has shaped both its landscape context and the practical constraints faced by medieval builders and inhabitants. Archaeological investigation of such sites contributes to understanding the development of medieval Wales and the relationship between human settlement and the natural environment.

Penmark Castle is a scheduled monument protected by Cadw under reference GM229. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Penmark Castle?

Penmark Castle is a medieval castle situated in Wales, protected as a scheduled ancient monument under Cadw reference GM229.

What period does Penmark Castle date from?

Penmark Castle dates from the medieval period, and is classified as a castle. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Penmark Castle?

Penmark Castle is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Cadw — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Wales. The official designation reference is GM229.

What other scheduled monuments are near Penmark Castle?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including East Orchard Manor House (3.1 km), East Orchard Wood Pillbox (3.2 km), The Bulwarks Camp (3.4 km).

Unlimited access

Everything a full report reveals about Penmark Castle

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 13 strands of Penmark Castle's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
First month just £4.99, then £9.99 a month. Unlimited locations, cancel anytime.

Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

Start your Penmark Castle report
Or see a real report first
The ground beneath

The bedrock under Penmark Castle

Penmark Castle stands on Lias Group, bedrock that formed in the Aalenian. The rock here is mudstone, siltstone, limestone and sandstone.

The wider landscape

Around Penmark Castle

Caerphilly CastleArchaeological site · ~12.8 miles