Scheduled MonumentsScotlandWallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings
Cave and rock carvings

Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings

Scotland
HES SM6825
Site type
Cave and rock carvings
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Wallace's Cave is a cave and rock carvings site in Midlothian, Scotland, protected as a scheduled monument by Historic Environment Scotland. The cave is formed within the Scottish Coal Measures Group, a sequence of mudstone, siltstone and sandstone interbedded with coal and ironstone deposits that accumulated during the Moscovian period of the Carboniferous. These soft sedimentary rocks, weathered by water action over millennia, created the natural cavity. The site's cultural significance rests upon the carved marks and designs incised into the rock surfaces within and around the cave.

The carvings represent a form of rock art that testifies to human use and habitation of the cave during its long history. Caves such as this, formed in the easily workable Coal Measures strata of central Scotland, were natural shelters exploited by successive generations. The combination of natural rock shelter and human artistic expression makes Wallace's Cave an important archaeological record.

The monument's survival within Midlothian's landscape, cut through by waterways that continue to shape the soft Coal Measures bedrock, preserves evidence of past settlement and artistic practice in the Scottish lowlands. As a scheduled monument, the site is safeguarded to protect its heritage value for future study and understanding.

Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM6825. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings?

Wallace's Cave is a cave and rock carvings site in Midlothian, Scotland, protected as a scheduled monument by Historic Environment Scotland. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM6825.

Who is responsible for protecting Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings?

Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM6825.

What other scheduled monuments are near Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Newbigging,enclosure 400m NE of (2.4 km), Capielaw, enclosed settlement (2.4 km), Newbigging,enclosure 400m WNW of (2.7 km).

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Everything a full report reveals about Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings

Wallace's Cave, cave and rock carvings stands on Scottish Coal Measures Group, bedrock that formed in the Moscovian. The rock here is mudstone, siltstone, sandstone, coal, ironstone and ferricrete.