Scheduled MonumentsScotlandWitches Knowe,fort
Iron Age · Fort

Witches Knowe,fort

Scotland
HES SM5861
Period
Iron Age
Site type
Fort
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Witches Knowe is a Iron Age fort located in East Lothian, Scotland. The site occupies a naturally defensive position on bedrock of the Shinnel and Glenlee Formations, undifferentiated wacke deposits laid down in the Ashgill period. This solid geological foundation would have provided a stable base for the construction of the fort's ramparts and internal structures, typical of fortified settlements from this period in south-eastern Scotland.

The fort's name reflects the landscape history and folklore of East Lothian, though its original Iron Age purpose was defensive and communal. Forts of this type typically featured earth or stone ramparts enclosing an area used for habitation, storage and refuge. The wacke bedrock, being resistant to erosion, has helped preserve the site's topography and enabled the survival of archaeological evidence.

Witches Knowe is protected by Historic Environment Scotland under the reference SM5861, recognising its significance as a nationally important prehistoric monument. The site contributes to our understanding of Iron Age settlement patterns and defensive strategies in the Lothian region during the first millennium before the Common Era.

Witches Knowe,fort is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM5861. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Witches Knowe,fort?

Witches Knowe is a Iron Age fort located in East Lothian, Scotland. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM5861.

What period does Witches Knowe,fort date from?

Witches Knowe,fort dates from the iron age period, and is classified as a fort. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Witches Knowe,fort?

Witches Knowe,fort is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM5861.

What other scheduled monuments are near Witches Knowe,fort?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Dodcleugh,fort and settlement 650m S of (7.2 km), Hillhouse, fort 250m NNW of (8.3 km), Glenburnie,fort 600m S of (8.5 km).

Unlimited access

Everything a full report reveals about Witches Knowe,fort

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Witches Knowe,fort's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Witches Knowe,fort

Witches Knowe,fort stands on Shinnel Formation And Glenlee Formation (Undifferentiated), bedrock that formed in the Ashgill. The rock here is wacke.