Roman BritainA Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross
Roman Settlement · Civilian

A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: nhle-14770
Site type
Settlement
Category
Civilian
Latitude
54.5666
Longitude
-1.9397
Overview

History & context

This is a multi-period upland site on Knott Hill in the North Pennines fringe (likely County Durham/North Yorkshire borders, around the Stainmore–Teesdale uplands), comprising a native farmstead occupied broadly during the Roman period (probably 1st–4th centuries AD), an associated prehistoric carved rock (cup-and-ring or cup-marked stone, likely Neolithic/Early Bronze Age), and an iron smelting site. The settlement would have been a small enclosed or unenclosed farmstead of the type common to the Brigantian uplands, with stock and arable subsistence supplemented by iron production.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

Significance

Historical significance

The combination of habitation and iron smelting points to a rural community engaged in small-scale metal production, possibly supplying local markets or the military networks running through the northern frontier zone via the Stainmore corridor and Dere Street. The juxtaposition of prehistoric rock art with a later farmstead also illustrates the long continuity of landscape use typical of the Pennine fringes.

Archaeology

Archaeological record

Little has been formally published on this specific site; it is known largely from surface survey identifying earthwork remains of a native settlement, slag and bloomery debris indicating iron smelting, and a decorated rock outcrop. No substantive excavation results are recorded, and dating rests on morphological parallels with comparable Brigantian farmsteads and bloomery sites in the region.

About this site

Questions & answers

What is A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross?

This is a multi-period upland site on Knott Hill in the North Pennines fringe (likely County Durham/North Yorkshire borders, around the Stainmore–Teesdale uplands), comprising a native farmstead occupied broadly during the Roman period (probably 1st–4th centuries AD), an associated prehistoric carved rock (cup-and-ring or cup-marked stone, likely Neolithic/Early Bronze Age), and an iron smelting site. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a settlement site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross?

A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross is classified as a Roman settlement — a civilian site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Greta Bridge (7.3 km), Lavatris (7.4 km), Roman aqueduct, prehistoric field systems, cairnfield, enclosure and round cairn on Ravock (9 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around A Roman period native settlement, prehistoric carved rock and an iron smelting site on Knott Hill, 750m south of Stone Cross?

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