Roman BritainArbeia
Roman Fort · Military

Arbeia

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 89104
Site type
Fort
Category
Military
Latitude
55.0044
Longitude
-1.4310
Overview

History & context

Arbeia was a Roman auxiliary fort at the mouth of the Tyne, founded c. AD 160 and occupied into the late 4th century. From the early 3rd century, under Septimius Severus, it was substantially rebuilt as a major supply base for the northern frontier campaigns, with around 22 granaries packed inside the walls — an unusual conversion that gave it a logistical rather than purely garrison role. Its later garrison included the Numerus Barcariorum Tigrisiensium, Tigris bargemen recorded in the Notitia Dignitatum, reflecting its riverine character.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

Significance

Historical significance

Arbeia functioned as the maritime supply hub for Hadrian's Wall, receiving grain and matériel by sea and forwarding them upriver and overland to the Wall forts. It is also notable for its cosmopolitan epigraphic record, including the tombstones of Regina (a Catuvellaunian freedwoman and wife of the Palmyrene Barates) and Victor, a freed Moor — vivid evidence of the diversity of frontier society.

Archaeology

Archaeological record

Extensively excavated since the 19th century and continuously since the 1970s, the site has revealed the granary complex, headquarters building, commanding officer's house, and barracks, along with rich assemblages of inscriptions, sculpture, and small finds. Full-scale reconstructions of the west gate, a barrack block, and the praetorium now stand on the site, based

About this site

Questions & answers

What is Arbeia?

Arbeia was a Roman auxiliary fort at the mouth of the Tyne, founded c. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a fort site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is Arbeia?

Arbeia is classified as a Roman fort — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near Arbeia?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Tynemouth Iron Age and Romano-British settlements, monasteries, site of lighthouse, cross, motte, enclosure and artillery castles and later coastal defences (1.7 km), Segedunum (6.7 km), Turret 0A (6.8 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around Arbeia?

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