Roman BritainLondon Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station
Roman Site · Civilian

London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: nhle-19777
Site type
Site
Category
Civilian
Latitude
51.5112
Longitude
-0.0762
Overview

History & context

This is a preserved stretch of the eastern circuit of the Roman city wall of Londinium, including the remains of an external bastion, lying beneath modern buildings just inside the line of the medieval wall near Aldgate. The wall here was constructed c. AD 200, of Kentish ragstone with bonding courses of red tile, while the bastion (one of the eastern series, Bastions 4 or 4A in the conventional numbering) is a later addition, generally dated to the late 4th century as part of refurbishments to the city's defences.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

Significance

Historical significance

This sector formed part of the c. 3 km defensive enceinte enclosing Londinium, the provincial capital and largest city in Roman Britain; the eastern bastions, solid and semicircular, reflect late Roman concerns with urban security, possibly under Count Theodosius or in response to barbarian raids. The America Square/Crosswall stretch is one of the better-preserved sections of the eastern circuit, visible in situ in basement settings.

Archaeology

Archaeological record

Sections of the wall have been recorded during 19th-century railway construction (Fenchurch Street station, 1841) and successive 20th- and 21st-century redevelopments at Crosswall and No. 1 America Square, where masonry of the wall and bastion footings was exposed, conserved and in places displayed in situ.

About this site

Questions & answers

What is London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station?

This is a preserved stretch of the eastern circuit of the Roman city wall of Londinium, including the remains of an external bastion, lying beneath modern buildings just inside the line of the medieval wall near Aldgate. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a site site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station?

London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station is classified as a Roman site — a civilian site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including London Wall: remains of medieval and Roman wall extending 75yds (68m) N from Trinity Place to railway (0.1 km), London Wall: remains of Roman wall and bastion (4a) at Crutched Friars (0.1 km), London Wall: remains of Roman wall, bastions and city gate of Aldgate from 17 Bevis Marks to India Street (0.3 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station?

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Research the area around London Wall: section of Roman wall and bastion beneath Crosswall, No. 1 America Square and Fenchurch Street railway station