BattlefieldsSiege of Oxford Castle (The Anarchy)
Medieval

Siege of Oxford Castle (The Anarchy)

1142
Oxfordshire, England
Also known as: Empress Matilda trapped in Oxford · Matilda's escape across the ice
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Siege
Location
Oxfordshire, England
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
Empress Matilda
Forces
Empress Matilda c.800–1,500
VS
Victor
King Stephen
Forces
Stephen c.3,000–5,000
Outcome
Matilda escaped across frozen Thames in white cloak before castle fell; Oxford surrendered to Stephen
The Battle

History & Significance

Stephen trapped Empress Matilda in Oxford Castle in September 1142 and besieged it for three months. In December, with the garrison starving and winter extreme, Matilda escaped across the frozen River Thames wrapped in a white cloak (some accounts say she was carried on a litter), making her way to Abingdon and safety. It is one of the most dramatic episodes of the Anarchy. The castle then surrendered to Stephen.

Questions & Answers

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