BattlefieldsBattle of Bannockburn 1314
Medieval

Battle of Bannockburn 1314

1314
Stirlingshire, Scotland
Also known as: Bannockburn · Bannok
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Pitched Battle
Location
Stirlingshire, Scotland
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
England (Edward II)
Forces
c.7,000-9,000 Scots (Robert Bruce)
VS
Victor
Scotland (Robert I)
Forces
c.25,000-40,000 English (Edward II)
Outcome
English army routed on boggy ground; Edward II fled; hundreds of English nobles ransomed; Scotland effectively independent
The Battle

History & Significance

The most decisive Scottish military victory of the Middle Ages. Edward II led the largest English army assembled to relieve Stirling Castle; Bruce destroyed it over two days of fighting on ground chosen to neutralise English cavalry. Edward II barely escaped capture. The English dead included dozens of knights and hundreds of men-at-arms. Bannockburn secured Scottish independence in practice, though formal recognition waited until the Treaty of Edinburgh-Northampton in 1328. It opened the door to the great Scottish raids of 1315–1322.

Casualties & Losses

c.4,000–11,000 English killed; Scottish losses relatively light

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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