When the Irish Rebellion broke out in October 1641 and wildly exaggerated reports of Catholic massacres of Protestants reached England, an immediate panic swept English Protestant opinion. Fears of a Catholic conspiracy extending to England produced a wave of anti-Catholic disorder, searches of recusant houses, and demands that Parliament rather than the king control any army raised for Ireland. The Irish scare was the immediate context for the Grand Remonstrance and a major driver of pre-war polarisation.
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