Bowes Castle, a Norman keep commanding the entry to Teesdale and the road over Stainmore into Cumbria, was threatened by Bruce's raiders during the Great Raid of 1322. The castle itself was too strong to take without artillery, but the surrounding community was devastated. The fate of Bowes illustrates the pattern of the Scottish raids: castles and fortified towns resisted, but the countryside around them was helpless. The Stainmore crossing was the key to Scottish access between the northeast and northwest of England.
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