Edward IIIs first major military operation was designed to recover Berwick and reassert English dominance over Scotland. The garrison agreed to surrender if not relieved by a specific date. The Scottish regent Archibald Douglas marched to relieve it — leading directly to Halidon Hill where his army was destroyed by English archers. With the relief army gone, Berwick surrendered and was incorporated into England. Edward handed control to Balliol and ceded southern Scotland to him in payment for his support. Scotlands position in 1333 was arguably worse than in 1296.
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