During Simon de Montfort's rebellion against Henry III, Llywelyn ap Gruffudd allied with de Montfort and used the English civil war to expand Welsh territory. Welsh forces raided deep into the Marches, capturing castles and overrunning areas not held by Wales for generations. After de Montfort's defeat at Evesham (1265) Llywelyn negotiated the Treaty of Montgomery (1267) which gave him formal recognition as Prince of Wales in exchange for homage.
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