BattlefieldsSack of Berwick 1296
Medieval

Sack of Berwick 1296

1296
Berwickshire, Scotland
Also known as: Massacre of Berwick · Edward I takes Berwick
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Siege
Location
Berwickshire, Scotland
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
Scotland (Berwick garrison and populace)
Forces
Berwick garrison: c. 500-800.
VS
Victor
England (Edward I)
Forces
Edward I: c. 5,000-8,000
Outcome
Berwick stormed; population massacred; Scotland's most important trading port seized
The Battle

History & Significance

Edward I's opening move in the First Scottish War of Independence. After a brief resistance, Berwick was stormed and its population — men, women and children — were massacred. Contemporary chronicles report that 7,000 to 17,000 people were killed over three days. Edward finally stopped the slaughter when he saw a woman being killed while giving birth. Berwick was the most important commercial town in Scotland; its capture and the massacre announced the brutal nature of English intentions. The atrocity galvanised Scottish resistance.

Casualties & Losses

Estimated 7,000–17,000 civilians massacred

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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