The 1297 autumn raid simultaneously struck Northumberland and Cumberland, paralyzing northern England. Cumberland and Westmorland had no effective military defence. Scottish forces burned as far south as the edges of the Lake District. The raid confirmed that the English midlands were beyond Scottish reach but the north was effectively defenceless. Edward I, still in Flanders, was unable to respond before winter made campaigning impossible.
Scottish raiding force; no English field army in the region
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