The most notorious event of Cromwell's Irish campaign. After a brief siege, Cromwell stormed Drogheda. When the town refused quarter, Cromwell ordered a massacre: the entire garrison, many Catholic clergy, and some civilians were killed — estimated at 3,500. Aston was beaten to death with his own wooden leg. Cromwell justified the massacre as God's judgement. The event permanently scarred Irish Catholic memory of English rule and remains deeply controversial.
c.3,500 killed including garrison, clergy and civilians
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