Richard, Duke of Gloucester, recovered Berwick for England in 1482 after an efficient siege campaign that exploited Scottish political instability — James III had been temporarily imprisoned by his own nobles at Lauder. Richard's operations included garrison sorties from Berwick itself as English forces invested the surrounding Scottish positions. The final recovery of Berwick ended two centuries of alternating possession and made the town permanently English. Richard's efficient conduct of the campaign enhanced his reputation as a military commander.
Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in Britain — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.
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