Henry I mounted a major expedition into Wales in 1114 with a three-pronged advance that forced the Welsh princes to submit and pay tribute. The campaign was the most impressive display of English military power in Wales since the Conquest, with Henry personally leading the central column through Powys while other forces advanced along the northern and southern coasts. The submission of Gruffudd ap Cynan and other princes re-established nominal English overlordship over the whole of Wales.
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