BattlefieldsSiege of Oxford Castle 1142 — Empress Matilda Escapes
Medieval

Siege of Oxford Castle 1142 — Empress Matilda Escapes

1142
Oxfordshire, England
Also known as: Empress Matilda at Oxford 1142 · Oxford Castle Siege The Anarchy
Era
Medieval
Battle Type
Siege
Location
Oxfordshire, England
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
Empress Matilda and Angevin garrison
VS
Victor
King Stephen
Outcome
Castle fell; Matilda escaped across frozen Thames in white camouflage
The Battle

History & Significance

The siege of Oxford Castle in 1142 is one of the most dramatic episodes of the Anarchy. Stephen besieged Matilda for three months; the empress escaped by crossing the frozen Thames on foot in white to blend with snow, fleeing to Abingdon. The castle then surrendered. The episode encapsulates the prolonged, often inconclusive nature of the civil war that devastated England for nearly two decades. Oxford and the upper Thames valley changed hands several times throughout the conflict.

Forces Involved

Stephen: royal army with siege equipment. Matilda: Angevin garrison under her own command

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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