The 1380s saw renewed Scottish raiding into County Durham and the Tees valley under the leadership of the Earl of Douglas. These raids were smaller than the great devastations of 1311-1322 but demonstrated continuing Scottish military dominance of the border zone. Teesdale's farming communities — still recovering from earlier raids and the Black Death — faced repeated demands for tribute. The ineffectiveness of English border defence in this period contributed to the tensions that produced the Battle of Otterburn in 1388.
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