Even after David I's great pacification of Moray and the suppression of the Angus mormaer at Stracathro in 1130, the northern province continued to simmer. Malcolm IV faced a renewed revolt in 1160 and responded by settling further Flemish and Norman colonists in Moray, deliberately replacing the Gaelic population with loyal immigrants. The policy of ethnic colonisation was conscious and deliberate -- Malcolm was completing his grandfather's transformation of Moray from a Gaelic mormaerdom into a feudal province.
Malcolm IV: c. 1,500–2,500 troops. Moray rebels: c. 800–1,500 warriors.
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