The Northumbrian kingdom under Oswiu was at its greatest extent in the 640s and 650s, pressing hard into Lothian and the Lammermuirs. Pictish groups south of the Forth faced increasing Northumbrian dominance. These border clashes throughout mid-seventh century defined the contested zone between Northumbrian Lothian and independent Pictland to the north — a frontier that would not be definitively resolved until Nechtansmere in 685.
The size of the opposing forces is not recorded in the surviving sources.
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