Scheduled MonumentsScotlandCairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss
Neolithic · Long cairn, brabster moss

Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss

Scotland
HES SM434
Period
Neolithic
Site type
Long cairn, brabster moss
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Cairn of Heathercow is a Neolithic long cairn situated on Brabster Moss in Caithness, northern Scotland. The monument lies on bedrock of Middle Old Red Sandstone, a mixed deposit of conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone laid down during the Middle Devonian period, which has weathered to create the moorland landscape characteristic of this region. Long cairns of this type typically date to the Early Neolithic, around 4000–3000 BCE, and served as communal burial monuments for the dead, often containing multiple inhumations and cremated remains within stone-built chambers or passages.

The Cairn of Heathercow is protected by Historic Environment Scotland as a scheduled monument under reference SM434, recognising its significance as a rare survival from Scotland's earliest farming communities. Such monuments required substantial effort to construct, with local stone gathered and piled into elongated mounds that could extend for many metres. The moorland setting, with its exposed bedrock and peaty soils, would have presented particular challenges to Neolithic builders.

The survival of long cairns on open moorland such as Brabster Moss owes much to their remote location and the acidic soils that have discouraged later settlement and ploughing. The monument remains an important witness to Neolithic settlement patterns in the far north of Scotland.

Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM434. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss?

Cairn of Heathercow is a Neolithic long cairn situated on Brabster Moss in Caithness, northern Scotland. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM434.

What period does Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss date from?

Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss dates from the neolithic period, and is classified as a long cairn, brabster moss. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss?

Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM434.

What other scheduled monuments are near Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Grey Cairn, broch 475m SE of Lynegar (3.8 km), Green Hill Broch, 40m W of Grant Hall (5.3 km), Chapel of Dunn, chapel, 300m SW of Oldhall House (5.8 km).

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Everything a full report reveals about Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss

Cairn of Heathercow, long cairn, Brabster Moss stands on Middle Old Red Sandstone (Undifferentiated), bedrock that formed in the Middle Devonian. The rock here is conglomerate, sandstone, siltstone and mudstone.