Roman BritainCastlecary
Roman Fort · Military

Castlecary

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 89138
Site type
Fort
Category
Military
Latitude
55.9823
Longitude
-3.9405
Overview

History & context

Castlecary (NAT) Roman Fort (R) (remains of) OS 1:10,000 map, (1976). The Roman fort at Castlecary occupies a rounded knoll at the W end of a low ridge, and is protected by the valley of the Bonny Water on the N, the ravine of the Red Burn on the W, also by a tract of low-lying land, which was formerly marshy, along nearly the whole of the S front. Periodically raided for building materials from at least as early as the 15th century, the fort was mutilated in 1841 when the line of the Edinburgh and Glasgow railway was carried diagonally across it, and further damage was no doubt done when the modern road was laid along the N front. At the present time the portion of the site that lies to the N of the railway is in permanent pasture, while the portion S of the railway is cultivated. Excavations in 1902 (D Christison 1903), showed that the fort was oblong on plan and enclosed an area of 3 1/2 acres, the internal dimensions being 455ft from N to S by 350ft transversely. The main defence consisted of a stone wall which was carried round all four sides of the fort, the Rampart of the Antonine Wall abutting the NW and NE corners. The fort wall was built of stones quarried from the outcrop of rock immediately to the W of the site: it was 6ft 6ins thick and was set on a massive foundation-course which in turn rested on a bottoming of clay and cobbles. The N wall, however, differed from the others in that it was thickened at either end to bring it more nearly into conformity with the thickness of the Antonine Rampart, while it may have had a rampart bank against the inner face. The Ditch of the Antonine Wall formed the outer defence of the fort on the N side, although to the W of the causeway opposite the N gate it was reduced to about half its normal width. The other three sides each had two ditches, both 14ft wide and 7ft deep, except for about half the length of the E side where there were three. The four gates were of uniform design, and their arrangement shows that the fort faced N: each had only a single passageway, for a distance of 7ft 6ins on either side of the entrance. An internal tower, 15ft square, was found at the SW corner, and it may be assumed that a similar tower was provided at the SE corner. The lay-out of the fort was only partially recovered; the headquarters building, a granary, the commandant's house and the internal bath-house, the latter discovered in 1769 and planned by Roy, (W Roy 1793), were located.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

About this site

Questions & answers

What is Castlecary?

Castlecary (NAT) Roman Fort (R) (remains of) OS 1:10,000 map, (1976). It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a fort site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is Castlecary?

Castlecary is classified as a Roman fort — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near Castlecary?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Withdrawn (duplicate): Seabegs Wood (2.3 km), Seabegs Wood (2.8 km), Westerwood (3.4 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around Castlecary?

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Everything a full report reveals about Castlecary

This page covers the Roman site at Castlecary. A full Aubrey report for the area pulls together this site alongside scheduled monuments and everything else the record holds within a few miles:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Domesday
The settlement's entry in the 1086 Domesday Book: who held it, what it was worth, and the people who worked the land.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
LiDAR
Laser-scanned terrain that reveals earthworks hidden under fields and woodland, with likely features flagged.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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