Roman BritainCleddans
Roman Fortlet · Military

Cleddans

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 325648990
Site type
Fortlet
Category
Military
Latitude
55.9202
Longitude
-4.3887
Overview

History & context

Cleddans is the site of a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. Its postulated existence was confirmed by trial trenching in 1979. Evidence of building work on Cleddans and on the Wall by units of both the sixth and the twentieth legions has been found in the area.

Cleddans Roman fortlet was located by trial trenching in 1980 south of the main road between Duntocher and Bearsden. Hutcheson Hill being halfway between the known Roman forts of Duntocher to the west and Castlehill to the east and having a line of sight between them, it was surmised that it may hold the site of an intermediate fort. This fortlet's discovery at Cleddans seemed to strengthen the proposal that the Antonine Wall was designed with fortlets around every mile as measured by the Romans. The fort discovered measures internally 18 metres (59 ft) east-west by 17.6 metres (58 ft) north-south within a rampart set on a 3.6 metres (12 ft) wide stone base.

Cleddans was constructed between 142 and 154 AD at the order of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius. Quintus Lollius Urbicus, governor of Roman Britain at the time, initially supervised the effort. It was one of a string of forts and fortlets built to support the Antonine Wall; troop movement was facilitated by a road linking all the sites known as the Military Way. Antoninus Pius never visited Britain, whereas his predecessor Hadrian did. Pressure from the Caledonians may have led Antoninus to send the empire's troops further north. The wall, and Cleddans, was abandoned only eight years after completion, and the garrison relocated back to Hadrian's Wall. In 208 Emperor Septimius Severus re-established legions at the wall and ordered repairs; this has led to the wall being referred to as the Severan Wall. The occupation ended a few years later, and the wall was not occupied again.

Most Roman fortlets along the wall held garrisons of around 500 men. Larger forts like Castlecary and Birrens had a nominal garrison of a cohort of 1,000 men but there is evidence that they sheltered women and children as well, although the troops were not allowed to marry. It is likely that there were communities of civilians around the site.

Finds from the site include three or four Roman tablets. One shows a running boar, the emblem of the 20th legion. It was discovered in 1695 at Cochno House. The Hunterian Museum in Glasgow holds it as part of its collection.

A subsequent find was a panelled tablet discovered at Braidfield Farm in 1812, just west of Cleddans Farm. It shows two winged Victories, each standing on a globe, holding up a rectangular inscription. On the left is an armed Mars and, on the right, Virtus is depicted with a sheathed sword and a military standard. There are two decorative pelta shields, one on either side of the slab. The inscription contains the words "Opus Valli": apparently the Romans' name for their wall. The slab also resides in the Hunterian Museum.

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

About this site

Questions & answers

What is Cleddans?

Cleddans is the site of a Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall in Scotland. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a fortlet site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is Cleddans?

Cleddans is classified as a Roman fortlet — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near Cleddans?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Duntocher (1.4 km), Castlehill (1.7 km), Bearsden (3.4 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

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This page covers the Roman site at Cleddans. A full Aubrey report for the area pulls together this site alongside scheduled monuments and everything else the record holds within a few miles:

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Monuments
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Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Domesday
The settlement's entry in the 1086 Domesday Book: who held it, what it was worth, and the people who worked the land.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
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Historical Maps
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Literature
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