Roman BritainPennocrucium
Roman Fort · Military

Pennocrucium

Roman Britain
Pleiades ID: 79638
Site type
Fort
Category
Military
Latitude
52.6940
Longitude
-2.1455
Overview

History & context

Pennocrucium was a Romano-British military and settlement complex on Watling Street in modern Staffordshire, comprising a sequence of forts, marching camps, and a roadside civilian settlement (vicus) at the crossing of the River Penk. Military activity began in the Claudian-Neronian conquest period (c. AD 50s–60s) as part of the campaigns into the Welsh Marches and northern frontier, with at least two phases of forts identified; the associated vicus and posting station continued in use through the 2nd–4th centuries, with the name recorded in the Antonine Itinerary (Iter II).

Source: Pleiades — A Community-Built Gazetteer and Graph of Ancient Places. View the Pleiades record →

Significance

Historical significance

The site was a strategic node on Watling Street between Letocetum (Wall) and Viroconium (Wroxeter), serving both as a campaign base during the conquest of the Cornovii and Ordovices and later as a logistical staging post. Its Brittonic name, meaning roughly "chief mound" or "hill of the headland," is one of the better-attested Romano-British toponyms in the Midlands.

Archaeology

Archaeological record

Aerial photography (notably by St Joseph and subsequent surveys) has revealed multiple superimposed defensive enclosures at Kinvaston and Water Eaton, including marching camps and at least two auxiliary-sized forts, but excavation has been limited and largely confined to small-scale trenching and evaluation work. Finds include typical 1st-century military equipment, samian and coarse pottery, and traces

About this site

Questions & answers

What is Pennocrucium?

Pennocrucium was a Romano-British military and settlement complex on Watling Street in modern Staffordshire, comprising a sequence of forts, marching camps, and a roadside civilian settlement (vicus) at the crossing of the River Penk. It is recorded in the Pleiades gazetteer of ancient places as a fort site from the Roman period in Britain.

What type of Roman site is Pennocrucium?

Pennocrucium is classified as a Roman fort — a military site in the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer. Roman Britain's archaeology encompasses thousands of sites ranging from legionary fortresses and marching camps to villas, temples and towns.

What other Roman sites are near Pennocrucium?

Several Roman sites lie within a short distance, including Eaton House Fort (0.3 km), Two Roman camps N of Water Eaton (0.5 km), Stretton Mill Fort (0.7 km). Aubrey Research maps over 2,200 Roman sites across Britain, drawn from the Pleiades ancient world gazetteer.

How can I research the history of the area around Pennocrucium?

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