David II's capture at Neville's Cross in 1346 and his subsequent eleven-year captivity in England paradoxically aided Scottish resistance. English attention was divided between the ongoing war with France and the Black Death; Scotland was governed by Guardians who consolidated the kingdom while England was unwilling to commit resources to full reconquest. The ransom negotiations that eventually produced the Treaty of Berwick in 1357 allowed David to return without conceding the independence that Bruce had won.
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