The Battle of Flodden Field on 9 September 1513 was the greatest English military victory over Scotland and one of the most catastrophic defeats in Scottish history. Surrey's English army manoeuvred around the Scottish position on Flodden Hill and attacked from the north. The Scottish pikemen descended the hill and engaged but the English billmen — fighting with traditional English polearms — proved superior in close combat. James IV was killed fighting in the front rank along with twelve earls, fourteen lords, an archbishop, two bishops, and approximately 10,000 Scottish soldiers. Almost every noble family in Scotland lost a member.
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