During the brief period of the Dacre rebellion in February 1570, the city of Carlisle was threatened by the prospect of Dacre's forces combining with remnant supporters of the Northern Rising and potentially with Spanish forces that English intelligence believed might be sent from the Netherlands. Carlisle's garrison was reinforced and its defences strengthened. The fear of Spanish intervention — which had also motivated the Northern Rising's seizure of Hartlepool — reflected the wider international dimension of Elizabethan northern security. No Spanish force ever arrived, but the threat shaped English defensive planning through the 1570s.
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