BattlefieldsBattle of Maldon 991 — Byrhtnoth and the Vikings
Early Medieval

Battle of Maldon 991 — Byrhtnoth and the Vikings

991
Essex, England
Also known as: Maldon 991 · Viking Raid Maldon Essex
Era
Early Medieval
Battle Type
Pitched Battle
Location
Essex, England
Status
Unregistered
The Combatants

Who Fought

Defeated
East Saxons (Byrhtnoth)
VS
Victor
Vikings (Olaf Tryggvason)
Outcome
Byrhtnoth killed; English army defeated; Danegeld policy begins
The Battle

History & Significance

The Battle of Maldon is one of the most famous engagements of the Anglo-Saxon period, celebrated in the Old English poem of the same name. Ealdorman Byrhtnoth of Essex allowed the Viking army to cross from the island of Northey at the causeway — a perhaps chivalric or tactical error — and was then killed and his army routed. The battle led directly to the policy of paying Danegeld, the tribute to buy off Viking attacks that drained England\'s resources for decades. The poem\'s account of Byrhtnoth\'s retainers dying with their lord became the definitive statement of Anglo-Saxon loyalty.

Casualties & Losses

Byrhtnoth killed; significant English losses; Viking casualties unknown

Forces Involved

Viking: Olaf Tryggvason with fleet army. English: Byrhtnoth with Essex levy and household troops

Questions & Answers

Frequently Asked Questions

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