The Nine Years War began in earnest. Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, ambushed a large English force trying to relieve Monaghan Fort. The English suffered heavy casualties. Clontibret was the first major engagement of the Nine Years War and proved O'Neill had transformed the Irish kern and galloglass into an effective combined-arms army capable of meeting English musketeers in open country.
Several hundred English killed; O'Neill's losses light
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