The most decisive battle of the Tudor conquest and one of the most consequential in Irish history. A Spanish force landed at Kinsale; O'Neill and O'Donnell marched from Ulster to join them. Mountjoy besieged the Spanish while simultaneously facing the Ulster army. The Irish attack at dawn was poorly coordinated and routed. Red Hugh O'Donnell sailed to Spain to seek reinforcements and died there. O'Neill retreated to Ulster. The battle ended the Gaelic system of power in Ireland and led directly to the Flight of the Earls (1607) and the Ulster Plantation.
Minimal Irish killed in battle but strategic defeat was total; Don Juan surrendered honourably
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