Newburn Ford on 28 August 1640 was the decisive action of the Second Bishops War. The Scottish army forced the Tyne ford under musketry fire, routing English cavalry under Lord Conway in what Clarendon called an inglorious defeat. Newcastle fell and the Scots occupied County Durham and Northumberland. The humiliation forced Charles I to call the Long Parliament, triggering the constitutional crisis that produced civil war.
English c.300-400 killed or wounded; Scottish losses light
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