The running fight through the English Channel culminated off the Kent and Dover coasts. English fireships drove the Armada from its anchorage off Calais at night, dispersing the fleet's tight defensive formation. The subsequent battle off Gravelines saw English gunfire inflict significant damage. The Armada was driven north and forced to attempt a disastrous return around Scotland and Ireland. The engagement is one of the most celebrated naval actions in English history.
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