Pope Celestine III's bull Cum universi declared the Scottish church a 'Special Daughter of the Roman Church', directly subject to Rome and not to the English archbishoprics of York or Canterbury. This was a massive victory for Scottish ecclesiastical independence and was used as a precedent for centuries. It meant that Scottish bishops could not be forced to attend English councils or recognise English ecclesiastical supremacy. The declaration complemented Scottish political independence and was frequently invoked in the Wars of Independence.
Ecclesiastical/diplomatic event; no military forces.
Aubrey generates in-depth historical research for any location in Britain — drawing on Domesday records, scheduled monuments, Victorian OS maps, geological data and archaeological archives to tell the full story of a place.
Research a location near Midlothian