Arundel Castle changed hands twice in 1643-44. Royalists seized it from a small parliamentary garrison in December 1643. Sir William Waller besieged it through the winter of 1644, conducting a methodical bombardment. The garrison of some 1,000 men suffered terribly from cold and disease and surrendered on 6 January 1644 — many were found to be dying of scurvy and starvation. The recapture of Arundel confirmed parliamentary dominance of Sussex for the rest of the war.
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