Harold Godwinson conducted a brilliantly coordinated campaign in 1063, raiding Gruffudd's court at Rhuddlan in a surprise winter attack and destroying his fleet. In spring Harold used ships to threaten the coast while Tostig attacked overland. Gruffudd ap Llywelyn, who had united all Wales under one rule, was driven into Snowdonia and killed by his own men in August 1063. Wales immediately fragmented. Harold sent Gruffudd's head to Edward the Confessor. Within three years Harold himself was dead at Hastings.
Gruffudd ap Llywelyn killed by own men
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