Elizabeth I's vengeance on the Northern Rising was systematic and deliberately excessive by contemporary standards. Sussex was given authority to execute rebels without trial and used it extensively. Between 600 and 900 men were hanged in villages across Yorkshire, Durham, and Northumberland — Elizabeth wanted visible deterrence. The executions exceeded those of Henry VIII after the Pilgrimage of Grace. The Earl of Northumberland fled to Scotland, was sold back to England, and executed in 1572.
600–900 rebels executed by summary justice
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