Newark was the last major Royalist stronghold in the Midlands and one of the last to surrender in England. The town on the Trent was a key nexus controlling the Great North Road and had repulsed two previous siege attempts (1643, 1644). The third and final siege from 1645 involved a Scottish army among the besiegers. The garrison only surrendered on direct royal command after Charles I gave himself up to the Scots at Southwell in May 1646. Newark\'s tenacity made it a symbol of Royalist defiance.
Parliamentary and Scottish: combined besieging force. Royalist: substantial garrison that had withstood multiple sieges
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