During the crisis of Magna Carta 1215, Llywelyn the Great exploited the baronial war against King John to launch a massive campaign. He captured Shrewsbury itself, along with Cardigan, Carmarthen, Cilgerran, Kidwelly and other key castles. He was the effective military master of all Wales and much of the March. The baronial charter gave him an opportunity he used brilliantly. John's death and the minority of Henry III enabled the Treaty of Worcester 1218 to consolidate Llywelyn's gains.
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