The Pentland Rising began with a spontaneous incident in Galloway when soldiers tried to extort money from a local farmer and were resisted. A chain of events led to the capture of the local commander Sir James Turner at Dumfries. The rebels — perhaps 3,000 at their peak — marched through Ayrshire and Lanarkshire toward Edinburgh hoping to negotiate. General Dalziel with professional troops followed and caught them at Rullion Green. The rising was premature, underprepared, and doomed — but it foreshadowed the larger Covenanting war of 1679.
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