After two years of exile following James VI's northern expedition, the Catholic earls — Huntly and Erroll — were allowed to return to Scotland in 1596 after formally converting to Protestantism (a conversion few believed sincere). Their return was negotiated through the intervention of the Kirk and English pressure, but both earls were restored to their estates. Huntly was even created Marquess of Huntly in 1599. The failure to permanently break the Catholic earls illustrated the limits of James VI's power in the northeast and the pragmatic nature of Scottish politics.
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