Scheduled MonumentsScotlandCaerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour
Medieval · Castles,courtyards and harbour

Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour

Scotland
HES SM90046
Period
Medieval
Site type
Castles,courtyards and harbour
Nation
Scotland
Boundary

Scheduled area

© Mapbox · © OpenStreetMap contributors · Boundary data © Historic Environment Scotland

Overview

History & significance

Caerlaverock Castle is a medieval fortress located in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, notable for its distinctive triangular or delta-shaped plan and impressive red sandstone construction. The castle was founded in the late 13th century, with the earliest fortifications dating to around 1290, and it served as an important stronghold for the Maxwell family, who held the lordship of the region. The castle's physical layout comprises a substantial curtain wall with corner towers, a gatehouse, and associated domestic buildings arranged around a central courtyard, with evidence of harbour facilities reflecting its strategic position near the Solway Firth. Caerlaverock underwent significant modifications and repairs throughout the medieval and early modern periods, including damage and reconstruction following Scottish Wars of Independence conflicts, and the castle remained an important seat of power for the Maxwells until it was severely damaged during the English Civil War.

Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour is a scheduled monument protected by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM90046. View the official record →

About this monument

Questions & answers

What is Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour?

Caerlaverock Castle is a medieval fortress located in Dumfriesshire, Scotland, notable for its distinctive triangular or delta-shaped plan and impressive red sandstone construction. It is designated a Scheduled Ancient Monument by Historic Environment Scotland under reference SM90046.

What period does Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour date from?

Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour dates from the medieval period, and is classified as a castles,courtyards and harbour. It is one of over 32,000 scheduled monuments protected across the UK.

Who is responsible for protecting Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour?

Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour is a Scheduled Ancient Monument, legally protected by Historic Environment Scotland — the body responsible for designating and safeguarding heritage sites in Scotland. The official designation reference is SM90046.

What other scheduled monuments are near Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour?

Several scheduled monuments lie within 10 km, including Ward Law, prehistoric enclosure and roundhouse 360m WSW of (1.3 km), Ward Law, fort and Roman camp (1.4 km), Isle Tower, 400m NNE of Bankend (3.6 km).

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Everything a full report reveals about Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour

This page is just one thread. A full Aubrey report pulls together 14 strands of Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour's history, each drawn from the record and mapped to the exact spot:

Overview
An interactive map of the location with every monument and battle plotted, and a plain-language history built only from what the record holds.
Monuments
The legally protected scheduled monuments around the location, each with its period, type and significance.
Battlefields
The battles and sieges fought on this ground, mapped and set on a timeline of the wider conflict.
Roman Britain
The Roman roads, forts and towns near here, and the Iron Age people who held the land before Rome arrived.
Stat Accounts
The parish Statistical Accounts of the 1790s and 1830s, describing life, work and population here.
Civil War
The Civil War fighting, garrisons and recorded militaria in this area, woven into the arc of 1642 to 1651.
Geology
The bedrock beneath the site, its age and rock type, reaching back hundreds of millions of years.
Local Names
What the street and field names around here actually mean, and the history buried inside them.
Historical Maps
Ordnance Survey maps from the 1800s, layered over the location as it stands today.
Literature
The books, county histories, charters and archives that mention this place, quoted with their sources.
Legal
The protected sites nearby and the metal-detecting, access and treasure laws that apply to this ground.
Spotlight
A deep dive into the most remarkable, lesser-known history of the place, traced back to the record.
Target Zones
For detectorists: the most promising ground to search nearby, ranked by confidence, with what to expect.
Timeline
The whole story of the location told era by era, from prehistory to the present day.
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Every location is different. Not every section appears for every place, only what the historical record actually holds turns up in a report.

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The ground beneath

The bedrock under Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour

Caerlaverock Castle and Old Castle,castles,courtyards and harbour stands on Stewartry Group, bedrock that formed in the Early Permian. The rock here is sandstone, breccia and conglomerate.