Henry VIII personal inspection of the Kent Device Forts at Deal, Walmer, and Sandown in 1539 reflected the seriousness with which the king viewed the invasion threat following the Treaty of Toledo. The royal visit accelerated construction and ensured that the forts received the best available artillery from the Tower of London armouries. Henry VIII active personal involvement in coastal defence was unprecedented among English monarchs and represented a new model of royal engagement with military planning.
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Royal party; fort construction workers; representatives of the Council
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