After Pinkie, the English established a garrison at Broughty Castle to control the Tay estuary and threaten Dundee. The garrison survived three years of Scottish and French pressure, being supplied by sea. Its fall in 1550, as part of the general English withdrawal under the Treaty of Boulogne, was a symbolic end to English ambitions in Scotland. The castle's persistence had tied down Franco-Scottish forces that might otherwise have attacked Haddington.
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