In the years after the Kinmont Willie rescue, Walter Scott of Buccleuch conducted retaliatory raids into the English Middle March in response to English warden actions against Scottish borderers. These raids of 1597 burned several English townships in Northumberland and demonstrated that Buccleuch regarded cross-border raiding as a legitimate tool of warden policy. The raids embarrassed James VI diplomatically — Elizabeth I was furious — but they were also a continuation of the traditional balance of Border power that both wardens used to enforce respect.
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